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:''This article is about a public institution. For information about the French social protection system, see Social protection in France. Social Security in France is divided into four branches: : *illness; : *old age/retirement; : *family; : *work accident and occupational disease. From an institutional point of view, French social security is made up of diverse ''organismes'' collectively referred to as ''La Sécu'', an abbreviation of ''Sécurité Sociale''. The system is divided into three main ''Regimes'': * General Regime * Farm Regime * Self-employed Regime In addition there are numerous special regimes dating from prior to the creation of the state system and which refused to be merged into the general system when it was created. The main special regimes are; *National Social security fund for the military (Caisse nationale militaire de sécurité sociale) *Railway workers fund (Caisse de la Société nationale des chemins de fer français) *Mineworkers Social security fund (régime minier de sécurité sociale) *Fund of the independent Paris transportation system (régime spécial de la RATP) *Fund for gas and electricity workers (régime des industries électriques et gazières) *National Institute for Navy (Établissement national des invalides de la marine) *Social security system for solicitors and lawyers (régime des clercs et employés de notaires) *Social Security system of the Bank of France (régime de la Banque de France) *Social security system of the Paris Chamber of Commerce (régime de la Chambre de commerce et d’industrie de Paris) *Social security system of the Senate of France (régime régime du Sénat) *Social security system of the National Assembly of France (régime de l'Assemblée nationale), *Social security system of the port of Bordeaux (régime du port autonome de Bordeaux) *Fund for non-resident French nationals (Caisse des français de l'étranger) == History of social protection== From the Middle Ages, certain professional organizations provided limited assistance to their members. However, the abolition of corporations by the Allarde decree, in 1791, put an end to this early system of private professional collective security. It was nevertheless replaced by the ''sociétés de secours mutuels'', or societies for mutual support, recognized and strictly regulated by the 1835 Humann law. These ''sociétés'' would thereafter be free from administrative control, and were encouraged by the law of 1 April 1898, referred to as the ''Charte de la mutualité'', or Charter of mutuality. The 1898 law establishes the principles of ''mutualisme'', as they are found today in French law; ''mutuelles''—organizations for collective social insurance—were permitted to offer loans to any French person, even if at the beginning, interest rates were too high for the average person. Alongside the movement for mutual, private social insurance, legislators pushed state-sponsored social aid, which tended to nurture the principle of national solidarity. The law of 15 July 1893, instituted free medical assistance; the law of 9 April 1898, considerably facilitated the worker compensation claims; the law of 27 June 1904, created the ''service départemental d'aide sociale à l'enfance'', a childbirth assistance program; and on 14 July 1905, an elderly and disabled persons assistance program was initiated. France also had, by the 1900s, the most extensive network of child welfare clinics and free or subsidized milk supplies in the world.〔Foundations of the Welfare State by Pat Thane〕 The development of insurance companies, at the beginning of the 20th century, was also encouraged by legislation. (Note that insurance companies are profit driven, while ''mutuelles'' are cooperatives.) On 9 April 1898, legislators required that employers purchase insurance for indemnity payments to injured employees. Then, on 5 April 1928, insurance was extended to cover illness, maternity, and death. On 30 April 1930, the law was again extended to apply to jobs in the agricultural sector. During the Second World War, the National Council of the French Resistance adopted plans to create a universal social security program to cover all citizens, regardless of class, in the event that sickness or injury made them unable to work. In the U.K., the first report of British economist William Beveridge outlined the general principles that would govern the integration and evolution of social security in post-war France. Indeed, the ''ordonnances'' of 4 and 19 April 1945, created a generalized, national social security system similar to that described in Beveridge's plan. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Social security in France」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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